A worker arranges the photovoltaic cell components of a solar module panel at a factory near Bangalore.
Ending months of speculation about exactly what it was planning to do to boost the use of renewable sources of energy, India said this week that it will spend about $900 million on solar energy.
The Indian cabinet approved a plan on Thursday that sets out to increase energy production from solar technology to 20 gigawatts by 2022, up from six megawatts today. The government will spend about 43 billion rupees ($922 million) in the first of three phases of the program. The total cost for all three phases could approach $20 billion.
The government had signaled its intention to invest more heavily in solar technology earlier this year, but had been reluctant to share details. Its latest announcement comes less than three weeks before world leaders are set to meet at Copenhagen to discuss climate change.
Though Indian policy makers have softened their tone on the meeting, they are adamant that they will not agree to any mandated reductions in emissions and have said any targets should be calculated on a per capita basis, something that the United States and other Western powers have resisted.
While India’s stated target for solar power appears ambitious — the United States had nine gigawatts of solar energy capacity at the end of last year — there is significant skepticism about whether the country can meet that target.
India has been very slow to add conventional electricity generating capacity. Government officials estimate that they will fall 20 percent short of their target for new power capacity for the five years that end in 2012. Many Indians have only intermittent power and most industrial users build their own captive power plants to ensure that they have a continuous supply of electricity.
Another big challenge will be reducing the cost of solar power to make it relatively competitive with coal, which is India’s main fuel for power plants. In India, power produced by solar cells costs about 2 and a half times as much as power from coal. The Indian government will likely have to subsidize makers of solar equipment for some time if it wants to achieve its target. The country already subsidies fuels like diesel, kerosene and petroleum for drivers and household use.
Friday, November 20, 2009
Solar Air Heating
Solar air heaters are products which use the direct sun light to generate heat for the home, cottage or any type of building.
As they generate heat, the only form of energy they consume is a minor amount of electricity to run the internal fan to take the cool air from inside the home, push it out to the solar air heater on the south facing wall or roof, cause it to be heated within the solar air heater and then push it back now heated into the home.
And, some of these products use a small solar panel to run the internal fan.
We had many, many visitors to our site, DailyHomeRenoTips.com, throughout the publishing of this series of articles last fall.
So, we thought we would provide on one page all of the links to all of the articles. Since autumn is upon us, now is the time to be planning and ordering such units if you are hoping to have it installed before the snow comes.
And, if you have used a commercially available solar air heater, we would like to hear from your on your experiences, so do drop us a line to Dan@DailyHomeRenoTips.com.
Remember, I am not a professional contractor; I am merely an average home owner writing about our home renovation, maintenance and energy & clean water conservation experiences to help others. Do your own research and analysis as you would before you spend any money on your home.
As they generate heat, the only form of energy they consume is a minor amount of electricity to run the internal fan to take the cool air from inside the home, push it out to the solar air heater on the south facing wall or roof, cause it to be heated within the solar air heater and then push it back now heated into the home.
And, some of these products use a small solar panel to run the internal fan.
We had many, many visitors to our site, DailyHomeRenoTips.com, throughout the publishing of this series of articles last fall.
So, we thought we would provide on one page all of the links to all of the articles. Since autumn is upon us, now is the time to be planning and ordering such units if you are hoping to have it installed before the snow comes.
And, if you have used a commercially available solar air heater, we would like to hear from your on your experiences, so do drop us a line to Dan@DailyHomeRenoTips.com.
Remember, I am not a professional contractor; I am merely an average home owner writing about our home renovation, maintenance and energy & clean water conservation experiences to help others. Do your own research and analysis as you would before you spend any money on your home.
Dye-Sensitized Solar to Go
The first commercial product to incorporate dye-sensitized thin-film solar cells will soon be on the market. Backpacks coated with the cheap, lightweight, and flexible solar cell, for on-the-go recharging of portable gadgets, were unveiled at the Hong Kong Electronics Fair last week.
The solar cells, made by Cardiff, U.K.-based G24 Innovations, are based on technology invented by Michael Grätzel, a chemistry professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland.
In this type of solar cell, dye-coated semiconductor nanocrystals are sandwiched between glass panels or embedded in plastic along with an electrolyte. The dye absorbs light and creates electrons, which are transferred to the semiconductor and then out into a circuit. Dye-sensitized cells have lower light-to-electricity conversion efficiencies than the best thin-film solar cells, but they are considerably cheaper to manufacture and can also be printed on flexible surfaces.
Grätzel says that dye-sensitized solar cells have further practical advantages over other thin-film solar technologies. Amorphous silicon thin-film cells degrade in sunlight over time, and their efficiency also goes down if sunlight hits them at an angle. Dye-based cells work well at wide angles and are longer lasting. Plus, they work more efficiently in indoor light, because the dye absorbs diffuse sunlight and fluorescent lighting well.
G24 Innovations says that it uses a low-cost, roll-to-roll process to make its flexible solar modules, which produce 0.5 watts of power under direct sunlight. Last week, the company shipped its first solar-module shipment to Hong Kong-based company Mascotte Industrial Associates, which makes the new bags. G24 uses ruthenium dyes coated on titanium dioxide nanocrystals and an iodide-containing nonvolatile electrolyte. The company's cells are over 12 percent efficient at converting light into electricity.
G24 plans to market modules that could be patched on clothing, tents, and awnings. The modules could also be cheaply incorporated into power-generating windows and billboards. "It's definitely a great moment for us," Grätzel says. "There has been talk of when the first commercial product will be coming out, and this has happened now."
Only one other company, Dyesol, is close to making commercial dye-sensitized solar-cell products. In October 2008, Dyesol opened a factory in Queanbeyan, Australia, to make tiles that can be integrated into building facades. Electronics giant Sony is also conducting research on dye-sensitized solar cells and announced last year that it had reached efficiencies of 10 percent--a level necessary for commercial products. The electronics maker showcased conceptual lamps based on these cells, but it doesn't have commercial products in the pipeline yet.
The solar cells may have a small niche in the market right now. But, says Michael McGehee, materials science and engineering professor at Stanford University, "in the future we may see this technology compete with the more traditional thin-film solar technologies based on amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, and cadmium indium gallium arsenide if the combination of efficiency, cost, and durability improves."
"It's an exciting time for dye-sensitized solar cells," Grätzel says, adding that he expects to see many more products on the market soon.
The solar cells, made by Cardiff, U.K.-based G24 Innovations, are based on technology invented by Michael Grätzel, a chemistry professor at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland.
In this type of solar cell, dye-coated semiconductor nanocrystals are sandwiched between glass panels or embedded in plastic along with an electrolyte. The dye absorbs light and creates electrons, which are transferred to the semiconductor and then out into a circuit. Dye-sensitized cells have lower light-to-electricity conversion efficiencies than the best thin-film solar cells, but they are considerably cheaper to manufacture and can also be printed on flexible surfaces.
Grätzel says that dye-sensitized solar cells have further practical advantages over other thin-film solar technologies. Amorphous silicon thin-film cells degrade in sunlight over time, and their efficiency also goes down if sunlight hits them at an angle. Dye-based cells work well at wide angles and are longer lasting. Plus, they work more efficiently in indoor light, because the dye absorbs diffuse sunlight and fluorescent lighting well.
G24 Innovations says that it uses a low-cost, roll-to-roll process to make its flexible solar modules, which produce 0.5 watts of power under direct sunlight. Last week, the company shipped its first solar-module shipment to Hong Kong-based company Mascotte Industrial Associates, which makes the new bags. G24 uses ruthenium dyes coated on titanium dioxide nanocrystals and an iodide-containing nonvolatile electrolyte. The company's cells are over 12 percent efficient at converting light into electricity.
G24 plans to market modules that could be patched on clothing, tents, and awnings. The modules could also be cheaply incorporated into power-generating windows and billboards. "It's definitely a great moment for us," Grätzel says. "There has been talk of when the first commercial product will be coming out, and this has happened now."
Only one other company, Dyesol, is close to making commercial dye-sensitized solar-cell products. In October 2008, Dyesol opened a factory in Queanbeyan, Australia, to make tiles that can be integrated into building facades. Electronics giant Sony is also conducting research on dye-sensitized solar cells and announced last year that it had reached efficiencies of 10 percent--a level necessary for commercial products. The electronics maker showcased conceptual lamps based on these cells, but it doesn't have commercial products in the pipeline yet.
The solar cells may have a small niche in the market right now. But, says Michael McGehee, materials science and engineering professor at Stanford University, "in the future we may see this technology compete with the more traditional thin-film solar technologies based on amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, and cadmium indium gallium arsenide if the combination of efficiency, cost, and durability improves."
"It's an exciting time for dye-sensitized solar cells," Grätzel says, adding that he expects to see many more products on the market soon.
Pre-build Solar Water Systems
Solar water systems for free hot water: an lucrative choice to expensive specialized suppliers
Building your own DIY hot water solar installation is a wonderful job. But you probably won´t each day have the time to start-up a new Homemade project or now and again you just want to skip the hard parts.
When you get a ´pre-build´ hot water solar kit, all parts are made ´ready for installation´. A really detailed manual that comes with the Solar water systems can help you link the solar system to your existing hot water boiler. And this will be far less time consuming than building the installation wholly by yourself from the beginning. I selected two pre-build Hot solar water kits. The one that is best for you largely depends on whether you live in an area where temperatures go below freezing often, or in an area where it hardly ever freezes.
Designed for cool temperatures: The cold Climate Solar hot water kits
If your area is prone to freezing, then a cold climate “closed loop” installation is asked for. In these Solar water systems, a specific non-toxic, freeze-resistant fluid is used, in the place of water, to transport the warmth. This method protects your system from burst pipes during winter or cold nights and provides greater durability and trouble-free process. A closed-loop system is as well recommended in places where the water is hard, because it prevents scaling in the tubes. It´s on the market in a flush or rack mount.
Benefits cool Climate Solar water systems
• “Plug & Play” system
• Has all parts included (excluding piping & storage boiler)
• Can frequently be connected to existing hot water tank
• Wholly protected from too much heat and freezing
The big benefit of the cool Climate Solar hot water kits is it´s effective process. As soon as there is plenty heat to be drawn from the collectors, the controller automatically sets of the pumps. Heated solar fluid is then flowing from the collectors, through the heat exchanger, where its heat is transferred to water in the storage boiler. The solar fluid is then pumped back to the collectors to once more be heated. This circulation loop can go on as long as there is warmth to be drawn from the collectors. In periods when there is little or no sun, a backup heating system can be started to offer adequate hot water.
For warm climates: Warm Climate Solar hot water kits
Warm Climate Solar hot water kits will be an outstanding pick for areas where freezing is not a important worry. In this open loop system, water circulates directly from the solar collector to the reservoir where the water is stored. The simplicity of the Warm Climate system makes it quite inexpensive (in comparison to specialized solar hot water suppliers), however you slash these costs when done entirely Homemade!
Advantages Warm Climate Solar hot water kits
• It´s simple system and Incredibly few components
• will often be mounted to existing water boiler
• Economical solution
• Mild freeze-protection included to a low of 40° F
The huge advantage of Warm Climate Solar water systems is their efficient process. When there is adequate warmth to be drawn from the collectors, the controller automatically turns on a pump, which will pull cold water from the storage tank through the collectors to be heated. Once heated, the water is pumped back down into the storage solar boiler for usage. This process can carry on as long as there is heat to be drawn from the collectors. During times when there is little or no sun, the backup heating panels is going to be turned on to supply sufficient warm water.
. If you wish to decrease costs the bare minimum and decide to go for a Homemade task, get yourself a Homemade solar hot water guide.
Building your own DIY hot water solar installation is a wonderful job. But you probably won´t each day have the time to start-up a new Homemade project or now and again you just want to skip the hard parts.
When you get a ´pre-build´ hot water solar kit, all parts are made ´ready for installation´. A really detailed manual that comes with the Solar water systems can help you link the solar system to your existing hot water boiler. And this will be far less time consuming than building the installation wholly by yourself from the beginning. I selected two pre-build Hot solar water kits. The one that is best for you largely depends on whether you live in an area where temperatures go below freezing often, or in an area where it hardly ever freezes.
Designed for cool temperatures: The cold Climate Solar hot water kits
If your area is prone to freezing, then a cold climate “closed loop” installation is asked for. In these Solar water systems, a specific non-toxic, freeze-resistant fluid is used, in the place of water, to transport the warmth. This method protects your system from burst pipes during winter or cold nights and provides greater durability and trouble-free process. A closed-loop system is as well recommended in places where the water is hard, because it prevents scaling in the tubes. It´s on the market in a flush or rack mount.
Benefits cool Climate Solar water systems
• “Plug & Play” system
• Has all parts included (excluding piping & storage boiler)
• Can frequently be connected to existing hot water tank
• Wholly protected from too much heat and freezing
The big benefit of the cool Climate Solar hot water kits is it´s effective process. As soon as there is plenty heat to be drawn from the collectors, the controller automatically sets of the pumps. Heated solar fluid is then flowing from the collectors, through the heat exchanger, where its heat is transferred to water in the storage boiler. The solar fluid is then pumped back to the collectors to once more be heated. This circulation loop can go on as long as there is warmth to be drawn from the collectors. In periods when there is little or no sun, a backup heating system can be started to offer adequate hot water.
For warm climates: Warm Climate Solar hot water kits
Warm Climate Solar hot water kits will be an outstanding pick for areas where freezing is not a important worry. In this open loop system, water circulates directly from the solar collector to the reservoir where the water is stored. The simplicity of the Warm Climate system makes it quite inexpensive (in comparison to specialized solar hot water suppliers), however you slash these costs when done entirely Homemade!
Advantages Warm Climate Solar hot water kits
• It´s simple system and Incredibly few components
• will often be mounted to existing water boiler
• Economical solution
• Mild freeze-protection included to a low of 40° F
The huge advantage of Warm Climate Solar water systems is their efficient process. When there is adequate warmth to be drawn from the collectors, the controller automatically turns on a pump, which will pull cold water from the storage tank through the collectors to be heated. Once heated, the water is pumped back down into the storage solar boiler for usage. This process can carry on as long as there is heat to be drawn from the collectors. During times when there is little or no sun, the backup heating panels is going to be turned on to supply sufficient warm water.
. If you wish to decrease costs the bare minimum and decide to go for a Homemade task, get yourself a Homemade solar hot water guide.
Advantages for Residential Solar Power
As soon as you hear of solar electricity what is that which strikes you first? It is the sun. So, solar electricity is electricity that comes from the power of the sun. We all know that first off there is a huge crisis of non-renewable energy sources.
As a result of that, more and more persons are changing for alternative sources of energy which will help run the world just the same. Residential Solar Power has emerged as the most important of all alternative energy sources that mankind has thought about and so the big hype in opting for solar electricity over conventional forms of electricity.
Solar electricity has become incredibly popular because it offers a wide range of good options and benefits to the people who use it. It is true that solar electricity may not be much effective in running buses or cars but when you concentrate on domestic use, residential solar power is the most beneficial. You can benefit for its efficiency for many resons, one is the cost factor.
True that the initial investment in the system is slightly expensive but considering the fact that it can run smoothly and with minimum maintenance for more than thirty years at a stretch, the cost is nothing. Besides, the set up will pay for itself in about five year’s time. I mention this because in any average home the total cumulative of monthly energy bills for five years is more than the cost of the solar power system, if it was installed by a third party company, but if you installed your own residential solar power system the cost will be far less.
It is also a hundred percent environment friendly resort. This means that residential solar power actually helps you keep your planet green for a longer period of time by not adding to all the decomposition that is happening all around. Moreover, it is a source of energy which will work even when the electric lines are down. Say, during a storm trees are extracted and all the electric cables get torn away.
At such a time, people using electricity from the state board for electricity will suffer and have no power in their homes. Nonetheless, you who are using residential solar power, will have light in your home because you are not joined to these cables. So, practically, solar power has more practicality than the state electricity board.
Also, as I said earlier, you can build your own residential solar power provider and reduce the expenditure behind your solar panels effectively. You can then use this system to heat water, do your laundry, dry your clothes, cook food, light your entire house as well as run your choice channels in the television.
Now, isn’t that fantastic? So get rid of your electricity agreement and go for Residential Solar Power today!.
As a result of that, more and more persons are changing for alternative sources of energy which will help run the world just the same. Residential Solar Power has emerged as the most important of all alternative energy sources that mankind has thought about and so the big hype in opting for solar electricity over conventional forms of electricity.
Solar electricity has become incredibly popular because it offers a wide range of good options and benefits to the people who use it. It is true that solar electricity may not be much effective in running buses or cars but when you concentrate on domestic use, residential solar power is the most beneficial. You can benefit for its efficiency for many resons, one is the cost factor.
True that the initial investment in the system is slightly expensive but considering the fact that it can run smoothly and with minimum maintenance for more than thirty years at a stretch, the cost is nothing. Besides, the set up will pay for itself in about five year’s time. I mention this because in any average home the total cumulative of monthly energy bills for five years is more than the cost of the solar power system, if it was installed by a third party company, but if you installed your own residential solar power system the cost will be far less.
It is also a hundred percent environment friendly resort. This means that residential solar power actually helps you keep your planet green for a longer period of time by not adding to all the decomposition that is happening all around. Moreover, it is a source of energy which will work even when the electric lines are down. Say, during a storm trees are extracted and all the electric cables get torn away.
At such a time, people using electricity from the state board for electricity will suffer and have no power in their homes. Nonetheless, you who are using residential solar power, will have light in your home because you are not joined to these cables. So, practically, solar power has more practicality than the state electricity board.
Also, as I said earlier, you can build your own residential solar power provider and reduce the expenditure behind your solar panels effectively. You can then use this system to heat water, do your laundry, dry your clothes, cook food, light your entire house as well as run your choice channels in the television.
Now, isn’t that fantastic? So get rid of your electricity agreement and go for Residential Solar Power today!.
Wednesday, November 11, 2009
Photovoltaic cells to create a base contrarian
In recent days, is located in Zhejiang Province town of Henderson Nanxun practice Photovoltaic Power Technology Co., Ltd. is engaged in the production plan of a new order, this order is from Germany, 550 kilowatts solar photovoltaic power plant design, production and installation. “6 months, we have received two large orders for photovoltaic power generation, production tasks are extremely nervous.” SHI Quan, deputy general manager, said soldiers.
It is understood that the company’s resilient this year, while the financial crisis, not only sell very well, right now is to start two solar photovoltaic project, the province is expected to build the biggest photovoltaic cell production base.
Put into operation in October of last year, a total investment of 185 million PV Henderson, covering 200 acres, an annual output of 100 megawatts of solar photovoltaic cells, and its products are mainly exported to Europe, America, South Africa, the Middle East and other regions. Dust temperature in the company’s automated production line plant, raw materials, through the rigorous process of production and post-test and turned into a solar cell. “These solar cells are used in photovoltaic power generation.” Technical personnel Introduction. In the company’s sample room to see the roof containing four photovoltaic solar cells, after conversion of light energy into electrical energy can be used for lighting, television and other electrical equipment.
“The new energy industry is the world’s emerging industries, companies have their own industrial base, choose to invest in new energy industry is the result of market research before making a decision.” Chairman Xu Jianrong said that this year the national and provincial relevant policies, support the new energy industry, promote the use of new energy products, which will be a photovoltaic Henderson a good opportunity for development.
Henderson emphasis on technology is an important reason for the rapid development of PV. According to reports, Henderson before the start of photovoltaic project, the company that introduced the U.S. Semiconductor Technology Center in solar cell technology, and on this basis re-innovation on the digestion and absorption. Company to introduce a number of international and domestic new energy field of the top talent, formed a 21-member R & D team. With the U.S. Semiconductor Technology Center, the United States Fubon High-Tech Co., Ltd., Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fudan University and other research institutions to establish a technical cooperation platform. More recently, Henderson photovoltaic and from the introduction of four talented people from overseas, focusing on solar energy research and development of core materials.
Attach importance to technical innovation and research and development to make products more competitive, Henderson PV. SHI Quan-Bing said that in 2007 the company’s net installed capacity of solar photovoltaic cells, and at a cost of 65-80 yuan / W, is now down more than half the cost of only 30-35 yuan / watt.
It is understood that the company’s resilient this year, while the financial crisis, not only sell very well, right now is to start two solar photovoltaic project, the province is expected to build the biggest photovoltaic cell production base.
Put into operation in October of last year, a total investment of 185 million PV Henderson, covering 200 acres, an annual output of 100 megawatts of solar photovoltaic cells, and its products are mainly exported to Europe, America, South Africa, the Middle East and other regions. Dust temperature in the company’s automated production line plant, raw materials, through the rigorous process of production and post-test and turned into a solar cell. “These solar cells are used in photovoltaic power generation.” Technical personnel Introduction. In the company’s sample room to see the roof containing four photovoltaic solar cells, after conversion of light energy into electrical energy can be used for lighting, television and other electrical equipment.
“The new energy industry is the world’s emerging industries, companies have their own industrial base, choose to invest in new energy industry is the result of market research before making a decision.” Chairman Xu Jianrong said that this year the national and provincial relevant policies, support the new energy industry, promote the use of new energy products, which will be a photovoltaic Henderson a good opportunity for development.
Henderson emphasis on technology is an important reason for the rapid development of PV. According to reports, Henderson before the start of photovoltaic project, the company that introduced the U.S. Semiconductor Technology Center in solar cell technology, and on this basis re-innovation on the digestion and absorption. Company to introduce a number of international and domestic new energy field of the top talent, formed a 21-member R & D team. With the U.S. Semiconductor Technology Center, the United States Fubon High-Tech Co., Ltd., Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fudan University and other research institutions to establish a technical cooperation platform. More recently, Henderson photovoltaic and from the introduction of four talented people from overseas, focusing on solar energy research and development of core materials.
Attach importance to technical innovation and research and development to make products more competitive, Henderson PV. SHI Quan-Bing said that in 2007 the company’s net installed capacity of solar photovoltaic cells, and at a cost of 65-80 yuan / W, is now down more than half the cost of only 30-35 yuan / watt.
A Simple Homemade Solar Air Heater
A Simple Homemade Solar Air Heater - Build Cheap DIY Solar Powered Air Conditioning Heaters
The use of solar energy from the sun is one of the ways where depletion of resources (especially that of consumable energy generators such as oil and coal) is lessened and conservation of energy is maximized. Knowing on how to build a simple and cheap diy homemade solar powered air conditioning heater to heat up a room or a house is one example of the application of solar energy for household use.
The basic principle in making a solar air heater lies in the behavior and movements of air, metals and colors. Inside the main body of the solar air heaters are pipes or tubings coated in black paint (using black paint enhances the ability of the pipes to absorb heat). These pipes are also made up of metals which have abilities to attract and absorb heat (some environmentalists use aluminum cans because this metal has a high thermal conductivity and at the same time by doing so recycling is done lessening the garbage and effect to land contamination).
Solar air heaters are usually situated in a vertical position where its body or at least a large portion of the whole apparatus is exposed to the sun’s rays. As cool air enters the bottom portion of the tank, it passes through the black-coated pipes and it is in this process that transfer of heat from the pipes to the transient air happens (convection). The laws of heat transfer states that heat moves from the hotter body to a cooler one, following this law, the pipes which in this situation is the hotter object gives off its heat into the cooler body, the moving air.
Basic theories of science also states that one of the properties of air is that cooler air moves down and hotter air goes up. This is partly one of the hidden reasons why solar air heaters are suggested to be built vertically rather than horizontally, because without using any other equipments or devices cool air enters the bottom of the heater then as the temperature goes up due to the transfer of heat this air goes up into air vents or tubes which is connected to the room or house where increase in temperature is desired. No more compressor or pump is necessary for such movement.
The longer the pipings and tubings are and the more tubes the air passes through the higher the increase of temperature from the final output to the initial input are achieved. Designs such as loops and the “snake” piping configuration are sometimes suggested by literature for use as it requires slower rising of air to the outlet and having more heat transfer processes as it passes through. However by using these complex patterns it must also be taken into consideration that this also has a negative side because if insulation of heat is quite poor the longer the pipings are the more chances the initial heat acquired by the air is instead given off to the surroundings. Now you have a better idea on how to build a simple and cheap diy homemade solar powered air conditioning heater.
The use of solar energy from the sun is one of the ways where depletion of resources (especially that of consumable energy generators such as oil and coal) is lessened and conservation of energy is maximized. Knowing on how to build a simple and cheap diy homemade solar powered air conditioning heater to heat up a room or a house is one example of the application of solar energy for household use.
The basic principle in making a solar air heater lies in the behavior and movements of air, metals and colors. Inside the main body of the solar air heaters are pipes or tubings coated in black paint (using black paint enhances the ability of the pipes to absorb heat). These pipes are also made up of metals which have abilities to attract and absorb heat (some environmentalists use aluminum cans because this metal has a high thermal conductivity and at the same time by doing so recycling is done lessening the garbage and effect to land contamination).
Solar air heaters are usually situated in a vertical position where its body or at least a large portion of the whole apparatus is exposed to the sun’s rays. As cool air enters the bottom portion of the tank, it passes through the black-coated pipes and it is in this process that transfer of heat from the pipes to the transient air happens (convection). The laws of heat transfer states that heat moves from the hotter body to a cooler one, following this law, the pipes which in this situation is the hotter object gives off its heat into the cooler body, the moving air.
Basic theories of science also states that one of the properties of air is that cooler air moves down and hotter air goes up. This is partly one of the hidden reasons why solar air heaters are suggested to be built vertically rather than horizontally, because without using any other equipments or devices cool air enters the bottom of the heater then as the temperature goes up due to the transfer of heat this air goes up into air vents or tubes which is connected to the room or house where increase in temperature is desired. No more compressor or pump is necessary for such movement.
The longer the pipings and tubings are and the more tubes the air passes through the higher the increase of temperature from the final output to the initial input are achieved. Designs such as loops and the “snake” piping configuration are sometimes suggested by literature for use as it requires slower rising of air to the outlet and having more heat transfer processes as it passes through. However by using these complex patterns it must also be taken into consideration that this also has a negative side because if insulation of heat is quite poor the longer the pipings are the more chances the initial heat acquired by the air is instead given off to the surroundings. Now you have a better idea on how to build a simple and cheap diy homemade solar powered air conditioning heater.
Sharp Develops a Solar Cell with the World’s Highest Conversion Efficiency of 35.8%.
Sharp Corporation has achieved the world’s highest solar cell conversion efficiency of 35.8% using a triple-junction compound solar cell.
Unlike silicon-based solar cells, the most common type of solar cell in use today, the compound solar cell utilizes photo-absorption layers made from compounds consisting of two or more elements such as indium and gallium. Due to their high conversion efficiency, compound solar cells are used mainly on space satellites. Since 2000, Sharp has been advancing research and development on a triple-junction compound solar cell that achieves high conversion efficiency by stacking three photo-absorption layers.
To boost the efficiency of triple-junction compound solar cells, it is important to improve the crystallinity (the regularity of the atomic arrangement) in each photo-absorption layer (the top, middle, and bottom layer). It is also crucial that the solar cell be composed of materials that can maximize the effective use of solar energy.
Unlike silicon-based solar cells, the most common type of solar cell in use today, the compound solar cell utilizes photo-absorption layers made from compounds consisting of two or more elements such as indium and gallium. Due to their high conversion efficiency, compound solar cells are used mainly on space satellites. Since 2000, Sharp has been advancing research and development on a triple-junction compound solar cell that achieves high conversion efficiency by stacking three photo-absorption layers.
To boost the efficiency of triple-junction compound solar cells, it is important to improve the crystallinity (the regularity of the atomic arrangement) in each photo-absorption layer (the top, middle, and bottom layer). It is also crucial that the solar cell be composed of materials that can maximize the effective use of solar energy.
Reprapable Solar Power
We've discussed reprapping solar panels for a long time, and - of course - our semi-conductor printing capability isn't quite up to that yet.
But it should be possible to reprap a small-scale solar array like a miniature version of the industrial one at Daggett above.
It would use reprapable solar-powered steerable mirrors. Those would be an autonomous motorized gimbal mirror support with a tracker that keeps the sun's reflection pointing the same way at all times (onto a solar boiler, say). The idea is you'd reprap out a load of these, then walk round a field putting them down. They'd all align themselves and start delivering solar power...
I think the trick is to black out a corner of the mirror except for a small circular spot in the middle of the black. Each steerable mirror has a detector on a flexible arm that you place where you want the reflection of that spot to be. Feedback keeps the spot-reflection on station, and hence the main mirror also on station. A really clever design would combine the spot detector with the local solar cell that provides the motor and controller power.
But it should be possible to reprap a small-scale solar array like a miniature version of the industrial one at Daggett above.
It would use reprapable solar-powered steerable mirrors. Those would be an autonomous motorized gimbal mirror support with a tracker that keeps the sun's reflection pointing the same way at all times (onto a solar boiler, say). The idea is you'd reprap out a load of these, then walk round a field putting them down. They'd all align themselves and start delivering solar power...
I think the trick is to black out a corner of the mirror except for a small circular spot in the middle of the black. Each steerable mirror has a detector on a flexible arm that you place where you want the reflection of that spot to be. Feedback keeps the spot-reflection on station, and hence the main mirror also on station. A really clever design would combine the spot detector with the local solar cell that provides the motor and controller power.
Solar Energy Is Here To Stay
Solar Power Inc (OTC:SOPW) traded upwards 16.53% to close at $1.41 on news the company will team up with Aerojet to add an additional 2.4 megawatts to the photovoltaic solar power system currently installed at Aerojet’s Sacramento, California site. The system will be expanded to six megawatts and become the largest single-site industrial solar energy location in California and one of the largest in the country. California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed an executive order on September 15th requiring that 33% of energy consumed in California come from renewable resources by the year 2020. Governor Schwarzenegger was quoted as saying, “The addition of this large-scale solar project is further evidence that reliable, renewable and pollution-free technology is here to stay.” Headquartered in Roseville, California, Solar Power Inc is a technology company which manufactures, installs, integrates, and sells photovoltaic panels or modules and solar systems which convert solar energy into electricity, primarily for consumers in the US.
Semiconductor Manufacturing Int’l (ADR) (NYSE:SMI) climbed 60.33% to close at $3.88 on news the company has settled all pending lawsuits with Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd. Terms of the settlement includes payment to Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company of an aggregate of US$200 million payable upon instalments over the next four years. The settlement also grants Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 1,789,493,218 shares of SMI (representing roughly 8% of SMI’s issued share capital) and a warrant to purchase 695,914,030 additional shares of SMI, which would allow Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company to obtain approximately 10% of SMI’s issued share capital. The terms include measures in the case of a breach of these conditions. Headquartered in Shanghai, China, Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation designs, manufactures, packages and tests microchips used in almost all electronic equipment. The company’s semiconductors are used in computers, mobile telephones, digital televisions, digital cameras, DVD players, and other entertainment devices; as well as in consumer electronics, and automotive and industrial applications.
Semiconductor Manufacturing Int’l (ADR) (NYSE:SMI) climbed 60.33% to close at $3.88 on news the company has settled all pending lawsuits with Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd. Terms of the settlement includes payment to Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company of an aggregate of US$200 million payable upon instalments over the next four years. The settlement also grants Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company 1,789,493,218 shares of SMI (representing roughly 8% of SMI’s issued share capital) and a warrant to purchase 695,914,030 additional shares of SMI, which would allow Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company to obtain approximately 10% of SMI’s issued share capital. The terms include measures in the case of a breach of these conditions. Headquartered in Shanghai, China, Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation designs, manufactures, packages and tests microchips used in almost all electronic equipment. The company’s semiconductors are used in computers, mobile telephones, digital televisions, digital cameras, DVD players, and other entertainment devices; as well as in consumer electronics, and automotive and industrial applications.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)